参考文献/References:
[1] Tritos NA,Biller BM,Swearingen B,et al. Management of Cushing disease[J]. Nat Rev Endocrinol,2011,7(5):279-289.
[2] Pinchot S N,Sippel R,Chen H. ACTH-producing carcinoma of the pituitary with refractory Cushing's Disease and hepatic metastases:a case report and review of the literature[J]. World J Surg Oncol,2009,7:39.
[3] Stratakis CA,Tichomirowa MA,Boikos S,et al.The role of germline AIP,MEN1,PRKAR1A,CDKN1B and CDKN2C muta-tions in causing pituitary adenomas in a large cohort of children,adolescents,and patients with genetic syndromes[J].Clin Genet,2010,78(5):457-463.
[4] Riminucci M,Collins MT,Lala R, et al.An R201H activating mutation of the GNAS1(Gsalpha) gene in a corticotroph pituitary adenoma[J]. Mol Pathol,2002,55(1):58-60.
[5] Salehi F,Kovacs K,Scheithauer BW,et al. Immunohistochemical expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene(PTTG) in pituitary adenomas:a correlative study of tumor subtypes[J]. Int J Surg Pathol,2010,18(1):5-13.
[6] Jia W,Lu R,Jia G,et al. Expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in human pituitary macroadenomas[J]. Tumour Biol,2013,34(3):1559-1567.
[7] Roussel-Gervais A,Bilodeau S,Vallette S,et al. Cooperation between cyclin E and p27(Kip1) in pituitary tumorigenesis[J]. Mol Endocrinol,2010,24(9):1835-1845.
[8] Bellodi C,Krasnykh O,Haynes N,et al. Loss of function of the tumor suppressor DKC1 perturbs p27 translation control and contributes to pituitary tumorigenesis[J]. Cancer Res,2010,70(14):6026-6035.
[9] Tateno T,Izumiyama H,Doi,M et al. Differential gene expres-sion in ACTH-secreting and non-functioning pituitary tumors[J]. Eur J Endocrinol,2007,157(6):717-724.
[10] Morris DG,Kola B,Borboli N,et al. Identification of adrenocor-ticotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the human pituitary and its loss of expression in pituitary adenomas[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2003,88(12):6080-6087.
[11] Ebisawa T,Tojo K,Tajima N,et al.Immunohistochemical analysis of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and glucocorticoid receptor in subclinical Cushing's disease due to pituitary macroadenoma[J]. Endocr Pathol,2008,19(4):252-260.
[12] Luque RM,Ibá?觡ez-Costa A,López-Sánchez LM,et al. A cellular and molecular basis for the selective desmopressin-induced ACTH release in Cushing disease patients:key role of AVPR1b receptor and potential therapeutic implications[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2013,98(10):4160-4169.
[13] Wang FF,Tang KT,Yen YS,et al. Plasma corticotrophin response to desmopressin in patients with Cushing's disease correlates with the expression of vasopressin receptor 2,but not with that of vasopressin receptor 1 or 3,in their pituitary tumours[J]. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2012,76(2):253-263
[14] Ben-Shlomo A,Schmid H,Wawrowsky K,et al. Differential ligand-mediated pituitary somatostatin receptor subtype signal-ing:implications for corticotroph tumor therapy[J]. J Clin Endocrinal Metab,2009,94(11):4342-4350.
[15] Colao A,Petersenn S,Newell-Price J,et al. A 12-month phase 3 study of pasireotide in Cushing's disease[J]. N Engl J Med,2012,
366(10):914-924.
[16] Pivonello R,Ferone D,de Herder WW,et al. Dopamine receptor expression and function in corticotroph pituitary tumors[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2004,89(5):2452-2462.
[17] Pivonello R,De Martino MC,Cappabianca P,et al. The medical treatment of Cushing's disease:effectiveness of chronic treat-ment with the dopamine agonist cabergoline in patients unsuc-cessfully treated by surgery[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2009,
94(1):223-230.
[18] de Bruin C,Pereira AM,Feelders RA,et al. Coexpression of dopamine and somatostatin receptor subtypes in corticotroph adenomas[J]. J Clin Endocrinal Metab,2009,94(4):1118-1124.
[19] Feelders RA,de Bruin C,Pereira AM,et al. Pasireotide alone or with cabergoline and ketoconazole in Cushing's disease[J]. N Engl J Med,2010,362(19):1846-1848.
[20] Matsumoto S,Hashimoto K,Yamada M,et al. Liver X receptor-alpha regulates proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene transcription in the pituitary[J]. Mol Endocrinol,2009,23(1):47-60.
[21] Hashimoto K,Matsumoto S,Ishida E,et al. Liver X receptor-alpha/beta expression ratio is increased in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas[J]. Neurosci Lett,2011,494(1):34-37.
[22] Du L,Bergsneider M,Mirsadraei L,et al. Evidence for orphan nuclear receptor TR4 in the etiology of Cushing disease[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2013,110(21):8555-8560.
[23] Giacomini D,Páez-Pereda M,Theodoropoulou M,et al.Bone morphogenetic protein-4 inhibits corticotroph tumor cells:invo-
lvement in the retinoic acid inhibitory action[J]. Endocrinology,2006,147 (1):247-256.
[24] Tsukamoto N,Otsuka F,Miyoshi T,et al. Effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) on adrenocorticotropin production by pituitarycorticotrope cells:involvement of up-regulation of BMP receptor signaling by somatostatin analogs[J]. Endocrinology, 2010,151(3):1129-1141.