参考文献/References:
[1] Thomas JD, Monson JP. Adult GH deficiency throughout lifetime[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2009,161(Suppl 1):S97-S106.
[/br][2] Fukuda I, Hizuka N, Muraoka T, et al. Adult growth hormone deficiency: current concepts[J].Neurol Med Chir(Tokyo),2014,54(8):599-605.
[/br][3] Molitch ME, Clemmons DR, Malozowski S, et al. Evaluation and treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency:an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2011,96(6):1587-1609.
[/br][4] Glynn N, Agha A. Diagnosing growth hormone deficiency in adults[J].Int J Endocrinol, 2012,2012: 972617.
[/br][5] Feldt-Rasmussen U, Brabant G, Maiter D, et al. Response to GH treatment in adult GH deficiency is predicted by gender, age, and IGF1 SDS but not by stimulated GH-peak[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2013,168(5): 733-743.
[/br][6] Gasco V, Prodam F, Grottoli S, et al. GH therapy in adult GH deficiency: a review of treatment schedules and the evidence for low starting doses[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2013,168(3):R55-R66.
[/br][7] Cook DM, Yuen KC, Biller BM, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for growth hormone use in growth hormone-deficient adults and transition patients-2009 update:executive summary of recommendations[J].Endocr Pract, 2009,15(6):580-586.
[/br][8] Appelman-Dijkstra NM,Claessen KM,Roelfsema F,et al.Long-term effects of recombinant human GH replacement in adults with GH deficiency:a systematic review[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2013,169(1): R1-R14.
[/br][9] Elbornsson M, Götherström G, Bosæus I, et al. Fifteen years of GH replacement increases bone mineral density in hypopituitary patients with adult-onset GH deficiency[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2012,166(5): 787-795.
[/br][10] Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Claessen KM, Hamdy NA, et al. Effects of up to 15 years of recombinant human GH(rhGH)replacement on bone metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency(GHD): the Leiden Cohort Study[J].Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2014,81(5):727-735.
[/br][11] Mo D, Fleseriu M, Qi R, et al. Fracture risk in adult patients treated with growth hormone replacement therapy for growth hormone deficiency: a prospective observational cohort study[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2015,3(5):331-338.
[/br][12] Shimatsu A, Tai S, Imori M, et al. Efficacy and safety of growth hormone replacement therapy in Japanese adults with growth hormone deficiency:a post-marketing observational study[J]. Endocr J,2013,60(10):1131-1144.
[/br][13] Elbornsson M, Götherström G, Bosæus I, et al. Fifteen years of GH replacement improves body composition and cardiovascular risk factors[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2013,168(5): 745-753.
[/br][14] Prodam F, Savastio S, Genoni G, et al. Effects of growth hormone(GH)therapy withdrawal on glucose metabolism in not confirmed GH deficient adolescents at final height[J].PLoS One,2014, 9(1):e87157.
[/br][15] Cittadini A, Marra AM, Arcopinto M, et al. Growth hormone replacement delays the progression of chronic heart failure combined with growth hormone deficiency: an extension of a randomized controlled single-blind study[J].JACC Heart Fail,2013,1(4):325-330.
[/br][16] Dlesk A, Kamenský G, Lazúrová I, et al. The effect of growth hormone replacement therapy on the morphological and functional changes in the left ventricle in patients with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency[J].Wien Klin Wochenschr,2014,126(15-16):480-484.
[/br][17] Spielhagen C, Schwahn C, Möller K, et al. The benefit of long-term growth hormone(GH)replacement therapy in hypopituitary adults with GH deficiency:results of the German KIMS database[J].Growth Horm IGF Res,2011,21(1):1-10.
[/br][18] Brod M, Pohlman B, Højbjerre L, et al. Impact of adult growth hormone deficiency on daily functioning and well-being[J].BMC Res Notes,2014,7:813.
[/br][19] Mo D, Blum WF, Rosilio M, et al. Ten-year change in quality of life in adults on growth hormone deficiency: an analysis of the hypopituitary control and complications study[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2014,99(12):4581-4588.
[/br][20] Abs R, Mattsson AF, Thunander M, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 6050 hypopituitary patients with adult-onset GH deficiency before GH replacement: a KIMS analysis[J]. Eur J Endocrinol,2013,168(3): 297-305.
[/br][21] Hartman ML, Xu R, Crowe BJ, et al. Prospective safety surveillance of GH-deficient adults: comparison of GH-treated vs. untreated patients[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2013,98(3):980-988.
[/br][22] Luger A, Mattsson AF, Koltowska-Häggström M, et al. Incidence of diabetes mellitus and evolution of glucose parameters in growth hormone-deficient subjects during growth hormone replacement therapy: a long-term observational study[J].Diabetes Care,2012,35(1): 57-62.
[/br][23] Olsson DS, Buchfelder M, Wiendieck K, et al. Tumour recurrence and enlargement in patients with craniopharyngioma with and without GH replacement therapy during more than 10 years of follow-up[J].Eur J Endocrinol, 2012,166(6):1061-1068.
[/br][24] Pekic S, Popovic V. GH therapy and cancer risk in hypopituitarism: what we known from human studies[J].Eur J Endocrinol, 2013, 169(5):R89-R97.
[/br][25] Rowlands MA, Holly JM, Gunnell D, et al. Circulating insulin-like growth factors and IGF-binding proteins in PSA-detected prostate cancer: the large case-control study Protcet T[J].Cancer Res,2012,72(2): 503-515.
[/br][26] Child CJ, Zimmermann AG, Woodmansee WW, et al. Assessment of primary cancers in GH-treated adult hypopituitary patients:an analysis from the Hypopituitary Control and Complications Study[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2011,165(2): 217-233.
[/br][27] Brignardello E,Felicetti F,Castiglione A, et al. GH replacement therapy and second neoplasms in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a retrospective study from a single institution[J].J Endocrinol Invest,2014,[Epub ahead of print].
[/br][28] van Bunderen CC, van Nieuwpoort IC, Arwert LI, et al. Does growth hormone replacement therapy reduce mortality in adults with growth hormone deficiency? Data from the Dutch National Registry of Growth Hormone Treatment in adults[J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2011,96(10):3151-3159.
[/br][29] Gaillard RC, Mattsson AF, Akerblad AC, et al. Overall and cause-specific mortality in GH-deficient adults on GH replacement[J].Eur J Endocrinol,2012,166(6): 1069-1077.