参考文献/References:
[1] Melmed S,Polonsky KS,Larsen PR,et al.Williams Textbook of Endocrinology [M].12th Edition.The United Ststes of America:Elsevier Saunders,2015:366.
[2] Bürgi H.Thyroid eye disease:a historical perspective [J].Orbit,2009,28(4):226-230.DOI:10.1080/01676830903104561.
[3] Bartley GB,Gorman CA.Diagnostic criteria for Graves' ophthalmopathy [J].Am J Ophthalmol,1995,119(6):792-795.DOI:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72787-4.
[4] Bartalena L,Baldeschi L,Dickinson A,et al.Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves' orbitopathy(EUGOGO)on management of GO [J].Eur J Endocrinol,2008,158(3):273-285.DOI:10.1530/EJE-07-0666.
[5] Bartalena L,Baldeschi L,Boboridis K,et al.The 2016 European Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves' Orbitopathy [J].Eur Thyroid J,2016,5(1):9-26.DOI:10.1159/000443828.
[6] Bartalena L,Kahaly GJ,Baldeschi L,et al.The 2021 European Group on Graves' orbitopathy(EUGOGO)clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves' orbitopathy [J].Eur J Endocrinol,2021,185(4):G43-G67.DOI:10.1530/EJE-21-0479.
[7] Bartalena L,Piantanida E,Gallo D,et al.Epidemiology,natural history,risk factors,and prevention of Graves' orbitopathy [J].Front Endocrinol(Lausanne),2020,11:615993.DOI:10.3389/fendo.2020.615993.
[8] Perros P,Zˇarkovic' MP,Panagiotou GC,et al.Asymmetry indicates more severe and active disease in Graves' orbitopathy:results from a prospective cross-sectional multicentre study[J].J Endocrinol Invest,2020,43(12):1717-1722.DOI:10.1007/s40618-020-01258-w.
[9] Perros P,Kendall-Taylor P.Natural history of thyroid eye disease [J].Thyroid,1998,8(5):423-425.DOI:10.1089/thy.1998.8.423.
[10] Jaru-ampornpan P,程瑜,焦秦,等.亚洲人群的甲状腺眼病状况及其诊治进展[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志,2020,36(7):541-562.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20200123-00039.
[11] 滕卫平,单忠艳.甲状腺学 [M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2021:269.
[12] Chng CL,Seah LL,Khoo DH.Ethnic differences in the clinical presentation of Graves' ophthalmopathy [J].Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab,2012,26(3):249-258.DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2011.10.004.
[13] Davies TF,Latif R,Yin X.New genetic insights from autoimmune thyroid disease [J].J Thyroid Res,2012,2012:623852.DOI:10.1155/2012/623852.
[14] Du P,Ma X,Wang C.Associations of CTLA4 Gene Polymorphisms with Graves' ophthalmopathy:a meta-analysis [J].Int J Genomics,2014,2014:537969.DOI:10.1155/2014/537969.
[15] Li Y,Teng D,Ba J,et al.Efficacy and safety of long-term universal salt iodization on thyroid disorders:epidemiological evidence from 31 provinces of mainland China [J].Thyroid,2020,30(4):568-579.DOI:10.1089/thy.2019.0067.
[16] Hiromatsu Y,Eguchi H,Tani J,et al.Graves' ophthalmopathy:epidemiology and natural history [J].Intern Med,2014,53(5):353-360.DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.53.1518.
[17] George A,Diana T,Längericht J,et al.Stimulatory thyrotropin receptor antibodies are a biomarker for Graves' orbitopathy [J].Front Endocrinol(Lausanne),2020,11:629925.DOI:10.3389/fendo.2020.629925.
[18] Kahaly GJ,Diana T,Glang J,et al.Thyroid stimulating antibodies are highly prevalent in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and associated orbitopathy [J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2016,101(5):1998-2004.DOI:10.1210/jc.2016-1220.
[19] Kahaly GJ,Diana T,Kanitz M,et al.Prospective trial of functional thyrotropin receptor antibodies in Graves disease [J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2020,105(4):e1006-e1014.DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgz292.
[20] Liu ZW,Masterson L,Fish B,et al.Thyroid surgery for Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy [J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2015,(11):CD010576.DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD010576.pub2.
[21] Aung ET,Zammitt NN,Dover AR,et al.Predicting outcomes and complications following radioiodine therapy in Graves' thyrotoxicosis [J].Clin Endocrinol(Oxf),2019,90(1):192-199.DOI:10.1111/cen.13873.
[22] Ponto KA,Zang S,Kahaly GJ.The tale of radioiodine and Graves' orbitopathy [J].Thyroid,2010,20(7):785-793.DOI:10.1089/thy.2010.1640.
[23] Laurberg P,Wallin G,Tallstedt L,et al.TSH-receptor autoimmunity in Graves' disease after therapy with anti-thyroid drugs,surgery,or radioiodine:a 5-year prospective randomized study [J].Eur J Endocrinol,2008,158(1):69-75.DOI:10.1530/EJE-07-0450.
[24] Shiber S,Stiebel-Kalish H,Shimon I,et al.Glucocorticoid regimens for prevention of Graves' ophthalmopathy progression following radioiodine treatment:systematic review and meta-analysis [J].Thyroid,2014,24(10):1515-1523.DOI:10.1089/thy.2014.0218.
[25] Vannucchi G,Covelli D,Campi I,et al.Prevention of orbitopathy by oral or intravenous steroid prophylaxis in short duration Graves' disease patients undergoing radioiodine ablation:a prospective randomized control trial study [J].Thyroid,2019,29(12):1828-1833.DOI:10.1089/thy.2019.0150.
[26] Sabini E,Mazzi B,Profilo MA,et al.High Serum cholesterol is a novel risk factor for Graves' orbitopathy:results of a cross-sectional study [J].Thyroid,2018,28(3):386-394.DOI:10.1089/thy.2017.0430.
[27] Naselli A,Moretti D,Regalbuto C,et al.Evidence that baseline levels of low-density lipoproteins cholesterol affect the clinical response of Graves' ophthalmopathy to parenteral corticosteroids [J].Front Endocrinol(Lausanne),2020,11:609895.DOI:10.3389/fendo.2020.609895.
[28] Nilsson A,Tsoumani K,Planck T.Statins decrease the risk of orbitopathy in newly diagnosed patients with Graves disease [J].J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2021,106(5):1325-1332.DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgab070.
[29] Lanzolla G,Vannucchi G,Ionni I,et al.Cholesterol serum levels and use of statins in Graves' orbitopathy:a new starting point for the therapy [J].Front Endocrinol(Lausanne),2020,10:933.DOI:10.3389/fendo.2019.00933.
[30] Heisel CJ,Riddering AL,Andrews CA,et al.Serum vitamin D deficiency is an independent risk factor for thyroid eye disease [J].Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg,2020,36(1):17-20.DOI:10.1097/IOP.0000000000001437.
[31] Marcocci C,Kahaly GJ,Krassas GE,et al.Selenium and the course of mild Graves' orbitopathy [J].N Engl J Med,2011,364(20):1920-1931.DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1012985.
[32] Smith TJ.New advances in understanding thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and the potential role for insulin-like growth factor-I receptor [J].F1000Res,2018,7:134.DOI:10.12688/f1000research.12787.1.
[33] Kahaly GJ,Riedl M,König J,et al.Mycophenolate plus methylprednisolone versus methylprednisolone alone in active,moderate-to-severe Graves' orbitopathy(MINGO):a randomised,observer-masked,multicentre trial [J].Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2018,6(4):287-298.DOI:10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30020-2.
[34] Smith TJ,Kahaly GJ,Ezra DG,et al.Teprotumumab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy [J].N Engl J Med,2017,376(18):1748-1761.DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1614949.
[35] Douglas RS,Kahaly GJ,Patel A,et al.Teprotumumab for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease [J].N Engl J Med,2020,382(4):341-352.DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1910434.
[36] Smith TJ.Teprotumumab treatment for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy [J].Eur Thyroid J,2020,9(Suppl 1):31-39.DOI:10.1159/000507992.
[37] Douglas RS,Dailey R,Subramanian PS.et al.Proptosis and diplopia response with teprotumumab and placebo vs the recommended treatment regimen with intravenous methylprednisolone in moderate to severe thyroid eye disease:a meta-analysis and matching-adjusted indirect comparison[J].JAMA Ophthalmol,2022,140(4):328-335.DOI:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.6284.
[38] Luo H,Liu T,Yang H,et al.Expression of collagen(types Ⅰ,Ⅲ,and Ⅴ),HSP47,MMP-2,and TIMP-1 in retrobulbar adipose tissue of patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy [J].J Ophthalmol,2020,2020:4929634.DOI:10.1155/2020/4929634.
[39] Morshed SA,Ma R,Latif R,et al.Mechanisms in Graves eye disease:apoptosis as the end point of IGF-1 receptor inhibition [J].Thyroid,2022,32(4):429-439.DOI:10.1089/thy.2021.0176.